|
 |
 |
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
|
 |
Poster Presentation Abstracts (Printable Version)
Posters Displayed: Tuesday, May 18,
2:00 - 5:00 PM |
Presenters In Attendance: Tuesday,
May 18, 3:30 - 4:00 PM |
Coordinator: Wilton R. Goynes Jr., US Department of Agriculture, Southern Regional Research Center
The Influence of Pretreatments on Moisture Management
Test Results
Jane Batcheller, University of Alberta, Canada
The way a fabric is treated before testing can influence its
performance. Therefore, many standard testing procedures specify
the manner and amount of wash treatments (pretreatments) before tests
are conducted. The Moisture Management Tester (SDL Atlas) is a
relatively new instrument for measuring the wicking and spreading rate
of liquid through a fabric. AATCC has recently published AATCC
Test Method 195-2009 that recommends a single laundering cycle based
on home laundering conditions. The MMT operation manual suggests
washing specimens in a sonic bath and laying them flat to dry. In this
study, moisture management results are compared for five fabrics, each
of which has undergone eight types of wash/dry combinations of pretreatments.
Results indicate that the pretreatments can affect the measured wicking
ability of fabrics.
Reactive Dyeing Properties of Polyurethanes Fibers
Ieeseok Jeong, Konkuk University, South Korea
Spandex is generally used for manufacturing sportswear and women's
foundations. It is often blended with other fibers (e.g., polyamide,
polyester and cellulosic fibers). However, for cellulose/spandex blends,
polyurethane filaments are not easily dyeable with reactive dyes as
compared to cellulosic fibers. Therefore, when the fabrics are stretched,
the undyed spandex shows through the colored cellulosic fibers. This "grin
through" problem is objectionable in most cellulose/spandex blends
fabrics. In this study, reactive dyes containing a different reactive
group were applied to the dyeing of polyurethanes to investigate their
dyeing and fastness properties in a comparative manner. It was observed
that reactive dyes containing a sulfatoethylsulfone group gave better
dyeability on polyurethanes as compared to monochlorotriazine-type reactive
dyes.
Spectral Properties and Hydrolysis Kinetics
of Phthalimide-Based Azo Disperse Dyes Containing Different Substituents
in Phthalimide Ring
Jieun Lee, Konkuk University, South Korea
A
series of phthalimidyl azo dispserse dyes containing various substituents
in the phthalimide ring were synthesized to investigate the substituents'
effect on alkali-hydrolysis kinetics behavior. Various aminophthalimides,
which were used as diazo components, were prepared from phthalimide
and coupled with corresponding coupling components to give pththalimidyl
azo disperse dyes. Depending on the various substituents present in
the diazo component, absorption maxima varied in ethanol. In particular,
differences in electron density, calculated by a computational method,
were used to predict the hydrolysis behaviors of the phthalimidyl
dyes containing various substituents.
Development of
UV/Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Technique for Sensing
Cotton Fiber Quality
Yongliang Liu, US Department of Agriculture,
ARS, Cotton Quality Research Station, Clemson, S.C.
UV/Visible/NIR techniques were used to study the potential for determining cotton
micronaire. Spectral features of cottons having various micronaire levels showed
large differences in both UV/visible and NIR regions. These distinctions helped
facilitate prediction and classification models. To limit the possibility of
boundary sample misclassification from the PLS model, 3-class soft independent
modeling of the class analogy of the PCA (SIMCA/PCA) model was developed and
classification efficiencies were compared. The discrimination model using the
UV/visible region could assign one fiber to the appropriate class of “Discount
Range”, “Base Range”, or “Premium Range” with
a 100% success rate. Results suggest that the technique is a fast and accurate
means of determining fiber micronaire for cotton quality grading and classification.
Effect of Nano-Copper Treatment on the
Properties of Jute Fabric as High Performance Textiles
B. H. Patel, The M S University of
Baroda, India
Copper nano-colloidal solutions were prepared in the laboratory
by chemical reduction and characterized by suitable techniques.
The colloidal solution was applied to jute fabrics using a padding
technique. The microphotographs of the particles applied on jute
fabric were recorded through a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Jute fabrics treated with copper nano-colloidal solution improved
various fabric properties (e.g., breaking load and crease recovery
angle). Treatment was found to enhance the jute dyeability with
direct dyes. The nano-copper pretreated dyed samples were more
resistant to light fading compared to the samples that were dyed
only. This treatment could also enhance the bacterial resistance
of the jute fabric.
An Evaluation of the Comfort Properties
of a Composite Structured Burn Pressure Garment Fabric Used for
the Rehabilitation of Third Degree Burn Victims
Nilüfer Yıldız Varan, Istanbul
Technical University, Turkey
Third-degree burn patients who wear pressure garments must be comfortable
since these garments are often worn 24 hours a day for 12-18 months.
In this research, various thermo-physiological comfort properties of
a composite-structured fabric were tested and the results were compared
with a standard sportwool. The composite fabric was soft, flexible,
and extensible with good elastic recovery providing a cushioning effect
to scar areas that was superior to standard fabric. Thermo-physiological
test results showed the composite fabric was warm next to the skin.
Even when wet, it had extremely low water vapor permeability (7.5%),
and high resistance to evaporative heat loss (0.1265 m2∙Pa∙W-1)
with a low absorption capacity (0.160 g/g).
Creating Families of Thermal Profiles
of the Human Torso Using Spatial Data Mining Techniques
Tanya Domina, Central Michigan University, USA
This ongoing project analyzes spatial variations in thermal profiles
of individuals. Use of data mining techniques to classify and then
correlate thermal profiles of the human torso with demographic and
anthropometric information enables the categorization of consumers
into thermal families. Along with a thermal pattern, other attributes
such as age, gender, activity level, height, weight, BMI, and body
shape are used to further refine a consumer’s thermal profile.
Preliminary results indicate that a person’s gender, age and
BMI all play significant roles in their thermal profile, showing
statistically significant clustering between these different groups.
A subset of women, aged 20-25 were analyzed to show differences across
BMI groups in their thermal profiles.
Mass Customized Clothing: Market Condition,
Classification and Empirical Test of Consumer Perception
Boram Lee, Konkuk University, South Korea
This paper reports details of mass-customized clothing market development
by the i-Fashion center in Korea. i-Fashion offers customized men’s
wear, dress shirts, t-shirts, and gloves to consumers and opens up a
mass-customized clothing market using a 3D virtual fitting system. An
empirical examination of consumers’ perception was conducted,
to determine what was customized, based on customer surveys. Customers
considered total custom as general concept and want perfect fitted items
to be customized. Purchase intention was generally high, with some clusters
showing higher intention. To develop the market, the process should
reduce unfamiliarity and make a more efficient, faster, and reasonably-priced
product production system.
Development
of a Production Process for an Individual Custom-Made DTP Garment
On Demand
Semi Kim, i-Fashion Technology Center, Konkuk University,
South Korea
An economical production process has been developed for printing custom-made
garments on demand using a digital textile printing (DTP) system. DTP
has been widely used for good-quality textiles in small quantities such
as fabric samples and fashionable boutique clothes. However, high production
costs and time of processing (including fabric cutting, conditioning,
DTP, steaming, washing, and sewing) have made the process impractical.
Processes were integrated with specially designed devices to produce
an individual DTP garment with just one yard of cloth. This enables
the delivery of a full-colored DTP garment within a week. The DTP production
system for an individual order has been commercially applied to custom-made
DTP T-shirts, pants, jackets, and skirts on demand using eco-friendly
DTP inks on cotton, silk, and wool natural fabrics.
Garment Wear Study to Determine the
Pesticide Protective Performance of Cotton/Polyester Fabrics
with a Fluorochemical Finish
Anugrah Shaw, University of Maryland Eastern
Shore, USA
Laboratory and field studies have shown that fluorochemical finishes
enhance protection provided by cotton/polyester garments commonly used
by agricultural pesticide workers. This study was conducted to assess
garment performance after wearing and laundering for one season. Cotton/polyester
garments with a repellent finish were provided to agriculture-related
workers. Participants were asked to maintain logs of garment wear and
of laundering procedures. At the end of the season, the garments were
challenged in the lab with pesticide. Qualitative and quantitative methods
were used to measure pesticide penetration and overall garment performance.
Combined with other studies, the results will be used to identify key
factors affecting performance, and to develop care instructions and
a simple test to determine work garment performance levels.
The Effect of Carriers on Dyeing Properties
of meta-Aramid Fabric
Jung Jin Lee, Dankook University, South Korea
Fibers composed of m-aramids have excellent heat-resistant
properties and are widely used in protective clothing such as fire-fighter
and racing suits. It is difficult to dye m-aramids due
to their high glass transition temperatures (Tg) and crystallinity.
In this study, an m-aramid fabric was dyed with cationic
dye using seven carriers and the effect of carrier on dyeing properties
was studied. The color yield of cationic dye on m-aramid
fabric was dependent upon carrier concentration as well as the carrier
itself. Good color yield was obtained when acetophenone, 4-phenyl-1-butanol,
or 3-phenyl-1-propanol was used as a carrier. Although the best
performance was obtained using acetophenone, from an environmental
point of view, 3-phenyl-1-propanol would also be good as a carrier
for cationic dyeing of m-aramid fabric.
Antibacterial Activity and UV Property
of Egyptian Cotton Fabric with Aqueous Extract of Banana Peel
Salah Mansour, Cotton Research Institute,
Chemistry Department, Giza, Egypt
Water soluble fractions of banana peel (Musa cavendish) fruit
were evaluated as a multi-functional antibacterial and UV protective
agent on Egyptian cotton substrates. An alkaline (1% NaOH) extracted
solution was analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography
(HPTLC). The alkaline solution was applied to bleached cotton
fabrics made from Giza 89 and Giza 83 cotton varieties. Banana
peel antibacterial activity was analyzed qualitatively in terms
of zone of inhibition and quantitatively in terms of percent
reduction of bacteria. Effectiveness of banana peels against
UV radiation was evaluated in terms of ultraviolet protection
factor value. The finished fabrics were active against all Gram-negative
and Gram-positive bacterial species tested and showed reduced
UV transmission compared to untreated samples.
Flame Retardancy of a New Bicyclic Phosphorous-based
Flame Retardant for Thermoplastic Polyester
Juhea Kim, Korea Institute of Industrial
Technology, South Korea
The flame retardancy of polyester blended with a new bicyclic phosphorus-based
flame retardant (45P) was recently investigated. One commercially available halogen-based
FRs (BDDP) was also tested for comparison. Physical properties such as tensile
strength, flexural strength, and flame retardancy of the polyester at various
levels of the FR agent were evaluated. Results showed that the polyester with
45P was degraded at a higher temperature than the polyester with BDDP and left
more residue. However, the physical properties of the polyester treated with
BDDP were better than the polyester with 45P. The rate of flame retardancy for
both BDDP and 45P was the same as V2 in UL94 grade.
Photo-oxidation and Biodegradation
of Polypropylene Fibers and Nonwovens
Brandi Keene, North Carolina State University,
USA
Increasing concerns of plastic accumulation in various environments
have led to greater demands for degradable plastics that offer suitable
properties during shelf life, but can decompose readily on disposal.
This preliminary study evaluated degradation mechanisms of polypropylene
fibers and nonwovens after Xenon exposure in vermicomposting and outdoor
soil burial, and proposed an effective pro-degradant additive system.
It can be inferred that degradation of polypropylene filaments and nonwovens
with additives depends on various factors like the additive type (TDPA
or ECM) or the amount of the additive used, type and nature of degradation
carried out (abiotic or biotic). Gamma irradiation was found to accelerate
degradation of polypropylene fibers and nonwovens prior to biodegradation
tests. TDPA appeared to be the most effective pro-degradant for polypropylene
fibers.
Textile Design Engineering within the Product Shape
Lisa Parillo Chapman, North Carolina State
University, USA
The engineering of fabric design properties within the shape
of a product is an iterative and often highly collaborative process.
Two emerging technologies, inkjet printing and integral knitting
epitomize the ability of digital technologies to alter the design
workflow and enable engineered designing. With both technologies,
the end product can be simulated before production, facilitating
strategic placement of fabrication features and properties. This
research summarizes two comparative case studies; one detailing
the engineered design process for inkjet printing and the other
dealing with engineered designing for integral knitting. Results
showed that current software is fairly sophisticated for aesthetic
design, however, software is lacking for strategic placement
of functional attributes within a product.
Silver—A Natural, Ecologically
Safe Product
Darrell B. Burnette, SANITIZED AG
The antimicrobial properties of silver are effective against a wide
range of bacteria, resulting in lasting freshness and more comfort.
Silver treatments in end articles are popular in sports, leisure,
and outdoor apparel. Consumer demand for silver is increasing. This
durable treatment is economically worthwhile and applicable in exhaust
and padding processes, enabling a large variety of processing possibilities
and combinations with other textile effects. This silver product
is neither nanotechnology nor nano-silver. SANITIZED AG is aware
of its responsibility to the environment and has worked towards
receiving bluesign approval for many of its products.
Potential Natural Dye Sources for Eco-textile
Application
Anne Sarada Devi, Acharya Ng Ranga Agricultural
University
Natural plant dyes provide potential pigments for textile coloration. Flowers
generally contain anthocyanins, flavones, and a few carotenoids in red, orange,
and yellow ochre shades. Bark pigments are primarily concentrated tannins in
reddish brown and yellow shades. Leaves provide yellows, greens, and light browns.
Using dyeing methods specific to each source and combining data from many sources,
flower and leaf dyes were found to exhibit good lightfastness, followed by bark
dyes on cotton, silk, and wool. Many bark sources showed good to excellent washfastness.
Good to excellent crockfastness was found in all sources. Bark & leaf dyes
exhibited good to excellent fastness to perspiration. The technology is economic
viable and eco-friendly. Careful selection of dye sources, based on functional
utilization, can provide consumer satisfaction.
|
|---|